Education in “The Republic” & “Discourse on the Arts and Sciences”

The role and significance of education with regard to political and social institutions is a subject that has interested political philosophers for millennia. In particular, the views of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, as evidenced in The Republic, and of the pre-Romantic philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, present a striking juxtaposition of the two extremes of the ongoing philosophical and political debate over the function and value of education. In this paper, I will argue that Rousseau's repudiation of education, while imperfect and offering no remedy to the ills it disparages, is superior inasmuch as it comes closer to the truth of things than does Plato's idealized conceptions. To do so, I will first examine Plato's interpretation of the role of education and its function in shaping the structure of society and government and in producing good citizens. I will then introduce Rousseau's view of education and the negative effects of the civilized culture which it produces, and using this view, will attempt to illustrate the naivete and over-idealization of Plato's notions. Finally, I will attempt to demonstrate that it is Rousseau's view, rather than Plato's, that is ultimately more significant in assessing the actual (vs. idealized) merits (or lack thereof, in Rousseau's case) by which education should be judged with regard to the nurturance of good citizens. For Plato, the question of the role of education arises near the end of Book II (377e), after a discussion of both the necessary and consequent attributes of Socrates' kallipolis or â€Å"Ideal City. Such a city, Socrates argues, will, before long, have need of both a specialization of labor (in order for the greatest level of diversity and luxury of goods to be achieved) and of the establishment of a class of â€Å"Guardians† to protect the city from its envious neighbors and maintain order within its walls (i. e. , to police and govern the city). This, in turn, leads inexorably to the question of what attributes the Ideal City will require of its Guardians, and how best to foster such attributes. The early, childhood education of the Guardians, Socrates argues, is the key. What, then, asks Socrates, should children be taught, and when? This quickly leads to a discussion of censorship. Socrates cites a number of questionable passages from Homer which cannot, he thinks, be allowed in education, since they represent dishonorable behavior and encourage the fear of death. The dramatic form of much of this poetry is also suspect: it puts unworthy words into the mouths of gods & heroes. Socrates suggests that what we would call â€Å"direct quotation† must be strictly limited to morally-elevating speech. Nothing can be permitted that compromises the education of the young Guardians, as it is they who will one day rule and protect the city, and whom the lesser-constituted citizens of the polis will attempt to emulate, assimilating, via the imitative process of mimesis, to the Myth (or â€Å"noble lie†) of the Ideal City in which justice is achieved when everyone assumes their proper role in society. The process of mimesis, is, of course, yet another form of education, in which those of Iron and Bronze natures are â€Å"instructed† and inspired by the superior intelligence and character of the Gold and Silver members of the Guardian class. It is therefore a form of education without which the polis cannot operate. Thus, for Guardian and ordinary citizen alike, the education of the young and the continuing â€Å"instruction† of the citizenry are crucial. In addition to these aspects, Plato also conceives of another function of education, and one which is quite significant in its relation to Rousseau's views. For Plato, education and ethics are interdependent. To be ethical, in turn, requires a twofold movement: movement away from immersion in concrete affairs to thinking and vision of unchanging order and structures (such as justice) and then movement back from dialectic to participation and re-attachment in worldly affairs. It is a temptation to become an abstract scholar. But the vision of the good is the vision of what is good for oneself and the city — of the common good. If one does not return to help his fellow human beings, he becomes selfish and in time will be less able to see what is good, what is best. An unselfish devotion to the good requires an unselfish devotion to the realization of this good in human affairs. Just as the purpose of understanding order and limits in one's own life is to bring about order and restraint in one's own character and desires, the understanding of justice requires application in the public sphere (through education). A man who forgets the polis is like a man who forgets he has a body. Plato thus advocates educating both the body and the city (for one needs both), not turning one's back on them. If education is, for Plato, the means by which man comes to fully realize (through society) his potential as a human being and by which society as a whole is in turn elevated, for Rousseau it is quite the opposite. Education, argues Rousseau, does not elevate the souls of men but rather corrodes them. The noble mimesis which lies at the heart of education in Plato's kallipolis is for Rousseau merely a slavish imitation of the tired ideas of antiquity. The ill effects of this imitation are manifold. Firstly, argues Rousseau, when we devote ourselves to the learning of old ideas, we stifle our own creativity and originality. Where is there room for original thought, when, in our incessant efforts to impress one another with our erudition, we are constantly spouting the ideas of others? In a world devoid of originality, the mark of greatness, intelligence, and virtue is reduced to nothing more than our ability to please others by reciting the wisdom of the past. This emphasis on originality is in marked contrast with Plato, who finds no value in originality, deeming it antithetical to a polis otherwise unified by shared Myths of the Ideal City and of Metals. Rousseau rejects this â€Å"unity†, rightly denouncing it as a form of slavery , in which humanity's inherent capacity for spontaneous, original self-expression is replaced with the yoking. of the mind and the will to the ideas of others, who are often long dead. In addition to suppressing the innate human need for originality, education (and the appetite for â€Å"culture† and â€Å"sophistication† that it engenders) causes us to conceal ourselves, to mask our true natures, desires, and emotions. We become artificial and shallow, using our social amenities and our knowledge of literature, etc. , to present a pleasing but deceptive face to the world, a notion quite at odds with the ideas of Plato. We assume, in Rousseau's words, â€Å"the appearance of all virtues, without being in possession of one of them. Finally, argues Rousseau, rather than strengthening our minds and bodies and (a critical point) moving us towards that which is ethical, as Plato contends, education and civilization effeminate and weaken us physically and (perhaps most significantly) mentally, and cause us, in this weakness, to stoop to every manner of depravity and injustice against one another. â€Å"External ornaments,† writes Rousseau, â€Å"are no less foreign to virtue, which is the strength and activity of the mind. The honest man is an athlete, who loves to wrestle stark naked; he scorns all those vile trappings, which prevent the exertion of his strength, and were, for the most part, invented only to conceal some deformity. † Virtue, as opposed to Plato's conception, is an action, and results not from the imitation inherent in mimesis, but rather in the activity — in the exercise — of the body, mind and soul. Education, however, demands imitation, demands a modeling upon what has been successful. How, then, do we rightly assess the merits of education with regard to its it molding of the public character — in its ability to produce â€Å"good† citizens. The answer to this hinges, I submit, on how we choose to define the â€Å"good† citizen. Clearly, if obedience (or â€Å"assimilation to a political ideology†, or perhaps â€Å"voluntary servitude†) is the hallmark of the good citizen, then we must regard Plato's disposition towards education as the proper one. However, obedience, despite its obvious centrality to the smooth operation of society (as we would have social chaos were it completely absent), has its useful limits. Over-assimilation to a political idea or â€Å"blueprint† is every bit as dangerous — indeed, far more so — as the utter under-assimilation of anarchy. For those inclined to dispute this, I would urge them to review the history of Nazi Germany as perhaps the definitive example of what sad, awful spectacles of injustice we humans are capable of when we trade in our mental and spiritual autonomy for the convenient apathy and faceless anonymity of the political ideal. Furthermore, if , as Rousseau contends, our civilization is such that, â€Å"Sincere friendship, real esteem, and perfect confidence [in each other] are banished from among men,† what is the quality of the society for which education — any modern education — purports to prepares us? When, â€Å"Jealousy, suspicion, fear coldness, reserve, hate, and fraud lie constantly concealed under †¦ [a] uniform and deceitful veil of politeness,† what is left to us to educate citizens for, other than the pleasure we seem to derive in pedantic displays of hoary knowledge? If we remove the civility from â€Å"civilization†, what remains to us that any education will remedy?

Mechanical Engineering Essay

Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principle of engineering, physics and material science for analysis, design, manufacturing , and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering, that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics, thermodynamics, material science, structural analysis, and electricity. Mechanical engineers use computer aided engineering and product lifestyle management to design and analyze future manufacturing plants industrial equipment and machinery heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices, weapons etc. mechanical engineering’s development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites ,mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and manufacturing so, all of these are encountered and cannot be avoided. There are other fields mechanical engineers have to do like, biomedical engineering and modeling of biological systems like, soft tissue mechanics. Mechanical engineers have to design and build engines and power plants, structures and vehicles of all sizes. Mechanical engineering requires a bachelors degree. The formal name for the degree is â€Å"Mechanical Engineer†, and the course work is based on five or six years of training, but in order to qualify as an Engineer you have to pass a state exam at the end of the course. Standards set participation to society and are intended to provide uniformity in fundamental subject material, promote competence among graduating engineers, and mostly to maintain confidence in the engineering profession as a whole. Students are required to show that they can â€Å"work professionally in both thermal and mechanical systems areas. Mechanical engineers are also expected to understand and be able to apply  basic concepts from chemistry, physics, chemical engineering etc. All mechanical engineering programs include multiple semesters of mathematical classes including calculus, and advanced mathematical concepts. Also most mechanical engineering programs also require varying amounts of research or community projects to gain practical problem-sol ving experience. Engineers may seek license by a state, provincial, or national government. The purpose of this process is to ensure that engineers possess the necessary technical knowledge, real-world experience, and knowledge of the local legal system to practice engineering at a professional level. Once certified, the engineer is given the title of professional engineer. The field of mechanical engineering can be thought of as a collection of many mechanical engineering science disciplines. Several of these disciplines which are typically taught at the undergraduate level are listed below, with a brief explanation and the most common application of each. Some of these disciplines are unique to mechanical engineering, while others are a combination of mechanical engineering and one or more other disciplines.

Distribution strategies of Toyota Essay

?The company’s distribution strategy covers choice of firm distribution and transport, number and location of warehouse and weather the company carries out activities itself or buys (outsources) them. Toyota’s automotive sales distribution network is the largest in Japan. As of March 31, 2009, this network consisted of 290 dealers employing approximately 40,000 sales personnel and operating more than 4,800 sales and service outlets. Toyota owns 19 of these dealers and the remainder is independent. In addition, at March 31, 2009, Daihatsu’s sales distribution network consisted of 62 dealers employing approximately 5,500 sales personnel and operating approximately 700 sales and service outlets. Daihatsu owns 36 of these dealers and the remainder is independent. Toyota believes that this extensive sales network has been an important factor in its success in the Japanese market. A large number of the cars sold in Japan are purchased from salespersons who visit customers in their homes or offices. In recent years, however, the traditional method of sales through home visits is being replaced by showroom sales and the percentage of automobile purchases through showrooms has been gradually increasing. Toyota expects this trend to continue, and accordingly, plans to improve its sales activities such as customer reception and meticulous service at showrooms to increase customer satisfaction. Sales of Toyota vehicles in Japan are conducted through four sales channels — â€Å"Toyota,† â€Å"Toyopet,† â€Å"Corolla† and â€Å"Netz. † In addition, Toyota introduced the Lexus brand to the Japanese market in August 2005, and currently distributes the Lexus brand vehicles through a network of approximately 170 sales outlets in order to enhance its competitiveness in the domestic luxury automobile market. The following table provides information for each channel as of March 31, 2009.

Hurricane Pam

Hurricane Pam Every community is faced with natural and man-made hazards that can best be addressed ahead of time by planners working closely with emergency management personnel to mitigate the threat and prepare for post-disaster recovery. Hurricane Pam was a simulated storm in New Orleans used to evaluate potential losses, improve response plans, and provide better coordination between agencies proactively. Hurricane Pam brought sustained winds of 120 mph, up to 20 inches of rain in parts of southeast Louisiana and storm surge that topped levees in the New Orleans area.This area included 13 parishes in southeast Louisiana-Ascension, Assumption, Jefferson, Lafourche, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John, St. Tammany Tangipahoa, and Terrebonne. The storm caused more than one million residents to evacuate and destroyed 500,000-600,000 buildings. A rough average of 100,000 people did not evacuate before the storm hit due to poverty, illness, or lack of tr ansportation. Of the 100,000 that remained in the city, an estimated 25,000 to 100,000 would die.SLOSH (sea, lake, and overland surges from hurricanes) is used to identify the worst-case scenario of this storm by identifying the highest potential surges from this storm. SLOSH revealed that the levees would fail causing the city to flood and kill thousands due to drowning. These generalized assumptions caused emergency managers put their minds and resources into action to devise disaster response for areas such as search and rescue, medical care, sheltering, temporary housing, school restoration, and debris management.The debris team estimates that Hurricane Pam would result in 30 million cubic yards of debris and 237,000 cubic yards of hazardous waste. Landfills have been identified that have available storage space and disposal sites for hazardous waste have been located. In the event that Hurricane Pam resulted in more debris and hazardous waste transportation should also be ident ified and factored into the plan in case the initial plan is not adequate. Shelter is a main issue for the residents of New Orleans because of the impact of Hurricane Pam.The emergency management teams identified that about 1,000 shelters would be needed to house the residents displaced by the storm. About 784 shelters were secured, but 216 were still needed. Transportation and partnerships with other states should have been obtained to help secure the remaining shelters. Funding should have also been secured to help those relocate and possibly reside with family members in other states. The displaced residents would need to reside in temporary living arrangements for up to at least 100 days.Simulations would need to be done to identify the costs for housing the maximum amount of individuals in each shelter for 100 days. The emergency management team would need to meet with local, state, and federal government officials to identify ways to generate funding for these costs. For examp le, a hurricane tax or surcharge to help generate resources in the event of a disaster or partnering with companies like Walmart or Target and developing a partnership for supplies. Search and rescue efforts are the key component to saving the lives of the individuals that may beSearch and Rescue †¢ The search and rescue group developed a transportation plan for getting stranded residents out of harm's way. †¢ Planners identified lead and support agencies for search and rescue and established a command structure that will include four areas with up to 800 searchers. Medical †¢ The medical care group reviewed and enhanced existing plans. The group determined how to implement existing immunization plans rapidly for tetanus, influenza and other diseases likely to be present after a major hurricane. The group determined how to re-supply hospitals around the state that would face heavy patient loads. †¢ The medical action plan includes patient movement details and ide ntifies probable locations, such as state university campuses, where individuals would receive care and then be transported to hospitals, special needs shelters or regular shelters as necessary. Schools †¢ The school group determined that 13,000-15,000 teachers and administrators would be needed to support affected schools. The group acknowledged the role of local school boards and developed strategies for use by local school officials. Staffing strategies include the use of displaced teachers, retired teachers, emergency certified teachers and others eligible for emergency certification. Displaced paraprofessionals would also be recruited to fill essential school positions. †¢ The group discussed facility options for increasing student population at undamaged schools and prioritizing repairs to buildings with less damage to assist in normalizing operations The school plan also calls for placement or development of temporary schools near temporary housing communities built for hurricane victims.

LIFE ON MARS AND ITS INHABITANT Essay

ESSAY: LIFE ON MARS AND ITS INHABITANT DATE: MARCH 15TH 2013 First of all ‘MARS’ is a planet which is normally refer to as the earth’s twins, why? Because it has the same features of surface reminiscent both on the impact craters of the moon the volcanoes, valleys. The writer of this novel’ life on mars’ made us to understand that he is a Martian who left him home to pass down a message of what I call salvation or redemption to the people of earth. The writer made it clear that mars is a planet ruled by LOVE, with love among them problems like misunderstanding, or internal dissension does not exist among its people unlike the dwellers of earth. He also mentioned that we earthlings are not only false ideals of radical, sociological and religious distinctions a bar to our spiritual and material progress, but also in terms of political and economical falsities which would lead to our destruction if we do not retrace our steps back to the pathway pointed out by Christ the master and accept LOVE. Economy in mars is a virtue long cultivated on the planet mars as pointed out by the writer. While us on earth we have no respect for nature and its gifts as we carry on with the destruction of forest, depletion of our coal beds and crude oil deposits and he said the reason for this is greed and the lust for material things which would lead to the ultimate destruction of our planet earth. As a result of these material lust habitants on the planet earth has suffered disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis floods, which the writer claims is unknown to them in mars. He also stated in the last paragraph of chapter four that the people of mars has no worries in their mind which is in accordance with Christ message ‘’seek ye first the kingdom of GOD and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added on to you( matt6:33). In chapter V the writer pointed out the way material things in mars are been classified as and compared it to the way we earthlings also value these material things. In mars material things has no value as the Martians believes that all property belongs to God and no being in the universe should claim it for his or herself, but man has developed a social habit of  stamping lands, claiming seas, love of money, and other material things instead of fighting for the riches of the heavens and wealth the father (Christ) has kept for them in hi s home above. The millions of Martians lived as one family. It is this solidarity, this filial consideration that one holds for the other that has made the stupendous and gigantic public works on mars. It has been made clear that the Martians do not in any way look down on anybody on their planet; none is richer than the other, they all share the same common wealth compare to that of the earthlings. Another social view of the Martians way of life is there religious believe. All Martians accepts Christ as the as there saviour and is been taught about him right from their infant stage. The Martians has no church system and no ecclesiastical hierarchy, all Martians recognised and worship one God which is the eternal father. While us earthlings out of greedy and selfishness for our own interest and glory broke out of the faith and teachings of Christ which is love. Love is the centre of all good things as taught by Christ when he came to our earth 2,000 years ago. And because the Martians have accepted these things crime has been totally erase from their planet. Mars has no political system; since there is love among them love rules them, unlike us on earth that cannot live and prosper without the aid and guidance of a complex administrative system. As quoted by the Maritain ‘’ WHERE THERE IS NO SIN THERE IS NO NEED OF LAWS; FOR THE RIGHTOUS MAN IS A LAW UNTO HIMSELF. I n chapter X this book tells us that mars is generally ruled by love. Mars has a religion which can be expressed in two thoughts: ‘’LOVE’’ and THY WILL BE DONE, NOT MINE’’. While we on Earth, have created a religion to satisfy our conventionalities and because we refuse to accept the common truth which is there is only one true GOD we cannot advance to a higher stage. The Martian system of education as stated by the writer is far better than we on earth. Their education starts from the mother’s knee and the very first thing taught is how to acquire the spiritual knowledge to the Martians GOD comes first, THE HOME IS THE PRIMARY SCHOOL, JUST AS A PHSICAL EXSITANCE ON A PLANET IS THE KINDERGATEN OF A NEVER –ENDING LIFE .THE PARENT ARE THEW FIRST TEACHERS in mars. We on earth look at school in a different point; in our society school is more less a prison for children why? Because knowledge is not been taught but is been forced by the teachers in terms of using grades to rank the children thereby making some superior to the other in  class. The task of a teacher is not to teach knowledge but to help in bringing out what is already latent in the soul; such is the Martian way of teaching. In conclusion, the writer has mentioned things like greediness, selfishness, lust for material things, failure to accept the truth, hatred, as things which we earthlings possess in our society and it has been our way of life and unless we accept love among each other destruction awaits our world. The writer has mentioned earlier that he has not come to condemn us or to act as a superior but to show us how to seek redemption and come back with Christ in peace and harmony as it has once been in the years of our first father and mother on earth, ( ADAM AND EVE) before sin separated us. The announced that the only way out is LOVE which is the greatest of all things. And with love there would be no crime and for us to seek this great love we have to repent and ask for forgiveness from the heavenly father. He went as far as boasting with his home planet and this they have achieved so far by accepting Christ and his love, without this earth is doomed and there is no other way to escaped fro m the destruction that awaits us. This was his vision of making an ideal society. LOVE RULES AND ACCORDING TO THE TEACHING OF CHRIST, GOD IS LOVE. (THEOPHLIUS)

Research Paper Outline with Reference Citations Essay

Research Paper Outline with Reference Citations - Essay Example . Outcomes related to ethics can be viewed in all aspects of the organization, from the perception of employees regarding fairness, to the engagement and retention and finally to the reputation and sustainability. Culture might not be the only determinant of organizational behavior, but it certainly has its influence. A company can amend and reinforce its ethical culture with symbols, stories, routines and rituals. The organizational culture explains both the ethical actions and the unethical behavior within an organization. Collection of like- minded employees strengthens the unitary culture within the organization and promotes their ethics even more. Leadership behaviors which support the ethical behaviors leads in formation of an ethically-oriented culture (LRN). The idea that is sent by the business leaders through the organizational culture helps in determination of the business ethics at the workplace- how ethics are defined, promoted, perceived, demonstrated and lived. On the basis of foundation of clear and solid corporate values for the ethical behavior, decision making can be done, fostering fairness, trust, compliance and transparency. With increasing size of organization, leaders have to understand that people come from different perspectives, values, backgrounds and cultures. Chmielewski, C. (2004). Values and culture in ethical decision making. Retrieved 2 Mar 2014 from, http://www.nacada.ksu.edu/Resources/Clearinghouse/View-Articles/Values-and-culture-in-ethical-decision-making.aspx Lockwood, N.R. (2009). Business Ethics: The Role of Culture and Values for an Ethical Workplace. Retrieved 2 March 2014, from https://www.shrm.org/Research/Articles/Documents/09-0711_RQ_4_2009_FINAL.pdf Congress, E.P. (2004). Cultural and Ethical Issues in Working with Culturally Diverse Patients and Their Families: The Use of theCulturagram to Promote Cultural Competent Practice in Health Care Settings. Retrieved 2 March 2014 from,

Name and describe the stages of the human life cycle. How are these Essay - 3

Name and describe the stages of the human life cycle. How are these stages different from what is seen in our closest relatives - Essay Example Once he exits from mother’s womb he grows, develops teeth and even start walking and by one year it is called as an infant. After this phase baby who is a toddler now enters into childhood usually upto10 years. He develops new skills, behavior and starts socializing. These 10 years are the most important years in the personality development of an individual. Next he enters into adolescence which takes place between 12-18 years. This is when both genders start becoming sexually aware as puberty is reached. They start separating from parents and become more independent. Then begins the stage of adulthood which starts from eighteen years onwards till one reaches an old age. This is when human beings are grown completely and utilize their skills to do work. During this phase they might give birth to another life. Adults do not grow further but they should look after their health and fitness to live a good life. At the end of this phase body starts to deteriorate and become weak th is is when a man becomes old (Bravy). Each stage provides a special gift. Pre birth is the phase that gives the gift of potential of what one will become when it will come to life. Birth brings hope to parents that their child will bring good to this world. Infancy is an energetic phase . Early, middle and late childhood is full of playfulness, imagination and cleverness. Adolescence is a phase of passion which is fallowed by early, middle, mature late adulthood in which an individual is enthusiastic to achieve his goals, ambitious, full of wisdom and responsible. Then comes the old age followed by death which teaches every individual that one should live life to its fullest and contribute to this world in the best manner. Thus every stage of life provides humanity with a unique gift. Every human being should be a source of happiness to other, we should take care of each others needs and requirement, rich should help

Metrics That Will Measure the Success of Event Research Paper

Metrics That Will Measure the Success of Event - Research Paper Example The study will develop the metrics if not the criteria that will determine the success or failure of an event. Success, as it is, should not be measured in terms of financial gain alone or by opinions of those who attended it since their opinion may not only be tainted but also biased towards or against the event as a whole. Success should consider the attainment of the goals of the other sectors involved in the event such as the government in meeting their tourism traffic. Another measure of success is the peaceful and accident-free conduct of the event for the agency in charge of safety and security. Success can also be measured by the food industry sector when there have been no complaint or raves have been forthcoming from the participants. In terms of the hospitality industry, success can be measured by the provisioning of rooms or accommodation and other hospitality services to guests in the most efficient manner. One of the goals therefore of the proposed study is to show how events can galvanize the objectives of the food industry, the hospitality industry, the safety, and security industry, the government specifically its strategy to increase tourism traffic if the management and organizations of the event are not only well planned but also well executed. It is hoped that all sectors such as the food industry, hospitality industry and safety and security industries involved in the execution of an event will be informed of their importance and how their contribution and non-contribution in an event can make an event a disaster or a success. To ensure that the aims and goal of this paper are achieved it is the objective of this paper to determine the monetary and social cost implication of specific events to the organizers, local culture, tourism industry and the participants themselves. The potential of events as a vehicle to harness and advertise local tourism could be a potential solution for tourist destinations that will reinvigorate if not revitali ze its tourism industry. There are instances that events are even used to highlight if not present the cultural heritage of one location.

Knowledge management approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Knowledge management approach - Essay Example Knowledge management implies any activity regarding the capture and the diffusion of knowledge within the organization. A key component of KM is to provide access to stored knowledge components in order to improve decision-making and facilitate knowledge acquisition by the user. The present essay is an attempt to introduce this innovative capital of modern organisations in a simple and lucid style. In the essay, the writer first, tries to distinguish the related concepts in the area of knowledge such as data, information etc, which are often misunderstood (used interchangeably with) as knowledge. In addition, an attempt is made to introduce the two approaches to knowledge management that capture and utilize knowledge. The essay prepared to examine the different of these two approaches. Specifically, it attempts to narrate the definition of these approaches and portrays both advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches. Finally, rather most importantly the report demonstrates how to apply theoretical concepts of knowledge management to NASA's JPL case study. One of the essentials of an effective knowledge management system is that the system must be able to distinguish knowledge from data and information so that information overload can be reduced/eliminated and its efficiency can be improved. An efficient knowledge management system accepts only those data that are relevant, timely, reliable and accurate. In the words of Liew (2002) data means the collection of facts or events and it is comprised of the basic, unrefined and unfiltered information, which are mostly useless. But, information is more refined data that is useful and meaningful for an analysis and decision making. In contrast, knowledge resides in the human brain and it happens when human experience is applied to data and information, therefore, knowledge is internalized which absorbed and understood by the human mind. In the modern business context, knowledge management can have a lot to perform to attain a competitive edge and thereby create value to the organisation. Knowledge management There are many interpretations as to what exactly knowledge management is all about. The definition put forward by Quintas P., Lefrere P. and Jones is worth notable in this context. They define knowledge management as "a continuously process of managing knowledge in order to ensure that knowledge is available when and where needed and can be acquired both from external sources and internal sources" (Quintas et al, 1997). It is worthwhile here to mention the definition developed by NASA for knowledge management. NASA defines "knowledge management as getting the right information to the right people at the right time and helping people create knowledge and share and act upon information in ways that will measurably improve the performance of an organization and its partners" (NASA, 2009). The procedures by which the objectives of KM can be accomplished include the following: As far as possible, everyone connected with knowledge management system should disclose what he/she knows and thereby facilitates knowledge sharing and its reuse. This will allow others to know when and where knowledge is available. Knowledge is made available at the time of decision making and it is the duty of the concerned personnel in an organisation that knowledge is

Care planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Care planning - Essay Example Hall et al. suggests that individualized and nursing care plans should be developed and these plans are ways of improving service user recovery (Hall et al., 2013). Despite care plans being an important tool in delivering health care services, the health care professionals often misunderstand them and the administration treats them as an extra task (Norman et al., 2009). According to Norman et al. (2009) during practice challenges occur during the implementation of care plan that is focused and personalized in compliance with individual service user needs. For example a service user may be acutely ill at the time of admission. During admission, it may be hard for the nurses to initiate individualized care because the service user may not be in the right mental state and may not be able to provide insight for the development of his/her care plan. Furthermore, the environment of acute mental health settings is very busy, there is lack of staff and unforeseen events might occur. This environment may negatively impact therapeutic engagement with service users and may even hamper individualized care planning with (Cleary et al., 2012). This essay examines the evidence that supports/reflects best practice in respect to care planning in acute setting and this essay focuses on devising a strategy for introducing best practice. The strategy will be developed while consideration factors those are likely to assist and hinder the implementation of evidence-based practice. According to a report published by Department of Health (2011) nursing care plans are central components of nursing services that are delivered to the service users. Research suggests that in developing and planning care plans for service users, nurses should adopt the provision of individualized care that is personalized to the needs of the user (Department of Health, 2011). According to Butterworth (2012), the focus of this approach is to involve service users and see things from their

Is Foreign Investment Good or Bad for USA Research Paper

Is Foreign Investment Good or Bad for USA - Research Paper Example Due to rapid growth in FDIs all around the world, much work has been done on determining the effects of FDIs on USA economy. There have been increasing concerns about these foreign investments and these have been criticized on many grounds by the critics as they believe there are many disadvantages of these investments like reduction in employment in USA, reduced or inhibited technological advancements, increased trade deficits. Some even argued that increasing presence globally can be a threat to national security and might make the country compromise on national sovereignty. On the other hand many discusses about the advantage that USA has obtained from these investments which mainly revolves around the general presumption of benefits and favors of free markets. (Graham, Edward M, and Paul R. Krugman) Foreign investments can be both inwards and outwards. It’s a common trend all around the world that the countries which owns cheap production facilities are the best for FDIs, since USA is a country where operating a production facility is fairly expensive when compared to countries like China, India, Brazil etc. the economy of USA is usually built upon the outwards FDIs. Being the host and home country both receiving and making foreign investments, USA faces benefits and disadvantages both. However since USA mainly focus on outward FDIs due to presence of many owned MNCs in USA; this paper will mainly focus on the outwards foreign investments made by USA in foreign countries. Inward Foreign Investments in USA: USA has been a focus of few MNCs from emerging nations due to its high technological advancements and high standard of living. Some reasons to allow FDIs to enter US economy can be relating to the capability of the country to produce certain goods. Modern technology is primarily needed by the country and hence FDI can prove to be beneficial when it comes to it. The capability of the country to produce certain goods may depend upon the availability of the funds and the expertise that is available in that particular country. FDI in particular can be helpful in these situations as it can provide the benefits to the country. If the United States invites different multinational corporations, it will be able to grasp upon the required sources so as to produce the necessary goods that can improve its economy. This can also benefit the country in terms of the realization of external economies. In the modern language of economics this benefit is referred to as ‘spillovers’. This can prove to be one of the most advantageous side of FDI in the United States. Moreover FDI can also prove to increase the existence of competition in the market and hence the existing companies would strive further to attain a better position in the market (Gonclaves, R; Magnus, B). Outward Foreign Investments in USA: The MNCs from USA have greatly benefited from the outward investments in other foreign countries. Location primarily can have an e ffect on the economy of the country in two ways. It can help the company to differentiate or vary its product according to the demand of the consumers with respect to the price and it can also help to lower the cost of value

Employer Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employer Branding - Essay Example 20. What do you feel about the culture of your organization as an inspiration for increased satisfaction and productivity Excellent Good Average Poor 21. What do you think about the overall attitude of your company towards employees Excellent Good Average Poor 22. Could you find a good work life balance while working at your company Yes No Neutral 23. How do you rate the employment proposition of your company Excellent Good Average Poor 24. How do you rate the leadership style of your employer Excellent Good Average Poor 25. How do you rate your company's effort to attract the best talents Excellent Good Average Poor 26. How do you rate your company's effort to satisfy customers Excellent Good Average Poor 27. How do you rate the social value of your company Excellent Good Average Poor 28. Do you feel that your company offers excellent opportunities to grow along with the company Yes No Neutral 29. How do your rate your company's efforts to improve the quality of products and services Excellent Good Average Poor 30. Does the company pay attention to and work for customer loyalty Yes No References Reed, Alec 2001, Innovation in human resource management, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, CIPD Publishing. Gillis, L. Tamara, 2006, The IABC handbook of organizational communication: a guide to internal communication, public relations, marketing, and leadership, International Association of Business Communicators, John Wiley and...So, you are kindly requested to fill in all the fields to correctly mark your response towards employer branding. Gillis, L. Tamara, 2006, The IABC handbook of organizational communication: a guide to internal communication, public relations, marketing, and leadership, International Association of Business Communicators, John Wiley and Sons.

International Human Resource Management Coursework

International Human Resource Management - Coursework Example The new authority is emerging and organizations are member led, officer driven, customer focused; a team environment where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts; a flat management structure where employees and managers are learning rather than blame; a clear since of direction and purpose. A firm commitment to delivering high quality public services through a combination of direct-provision and effective partnerships. International companies operate in an environment shaped by a vast range of economic, political, legal, cultural, market, trade, monetary, governmental, and institutional forces. These forces make up the environment of international business. These forces represent the system outside the international firm's boundaries that influence the actions of its expatriate managers. Expatriate managers help their companies compete more effectively in international businesses. Managing people in international setting s requires human resource to address a broader range of functional areas. If requires more involvement in the employee's personal life. The firm should establish different human resource management systems for different geographic locations. It must closely watch the moves made by external constituencies including foreign governments, political and religious groups. A host of other issues relating to employee compensation, health safety, welfare etc, need to be monitored carefully. Employees on international assignments represent valuable assets and hence need to the managed systematically and strategically so that they can easily adapt survive and flourish in diverse culture and environments. The Expatriate manager must be open-minded and ready to accept changes. He must be well oriented and trained on the new technologies, good communicator and good negotiator, too. All of that makes him more efficient, competitive and globally opened without distinguishing between religions, colors, genders and roots. Human resource Management in Global context Human resource Management is, perhaps, the oldest and most widely researched subject in management. Yet, as technologies change, cultural diversities occur and people's expectations undergo fundamental shifts towards newer and newer dimensions. For instance, professionals are gaining more say in the running of organizations. Even where governance is by people who own the majority stakes, their own positions and the respect they command are contingent upon their competence rather than ownership. "Management is the art of getting things done through other people. Management is the dynamic, life-giving element in every business. Without it the resources of production remain resources and never become production." (Prasad, 2006, p.260) This definition emphasizes that the expatriate managers achieve organizational objectives getting things done through the employees. Human resource Management is very essential for successful running of an enterprise. It ensures proper use of physical and human resources by deriving the

Environmrntal science 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmrntal science 2 - Essay Example First of all, one needs to develop a question or a problem. The problem must be able to undergo scientific experimentation for it to be meaningful. Secondly, one has to make observations or research on the problem formed in the first series. Thirdly, there must be a formulation of a hypothesis that gives information on the possible answer to the problem solved. Fourthly, an experiment must be carried out to show if the hypothesis is true or false. This can be done by collecting the necessary materials and procedures to come up with results that can be quantified or measured. The fifth step involves collection and analysis of the results from the experiment. If the experiment is not accurate then one can change or make the procedures better. The analysis must have evidence like photographs, tables and graphs to ease understanding. The sixth step is simply to come up with the conclusion whereby it must have statements that either support or reject the statement of the hypothesis. The s ixth step also included making recommendations to allow improvement or further studies to be done. The last step is being able to communicate the results to other individuals (Michael, 2003, pp. 1-220). Sustainable development is concerned with using resources following a particular pattern with the aim of meeting human needs in preservation of the environment for the present and the future generation. It ensures that the needs of the present human needs are met without compromising that of the future generation. Sustainability is therefore the ability to maintain a particular state. For instance, in environmental sustainability, the environment is expected to be at its natural state avoiding any depletion (Michael, 2003, pp. 1-220). The biosphere matter follows a circular pathway because they use up one type of matter and reproduce another that can be used by another living thing. For instance, animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide

The end of Lehman Brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The end of Lehman Brothers - Essay Example The scandal that brought the Lehman brothers to their knees was one that involved financial and accounting fraud, which was no new case for the firm since its inception. Following the release of reports following the bankruptcy of Lehman, scandals are cropping up showing that the Lehmans have been cooking their books, also known as creative accounting since before the financial crisis hit the world in the last years of the previous decade. The precise time would be around the year 2007, when things began to go downhill for them. The scandal goes by the name â€Å"Repo 105† following the textbook application of previously used antics to bring about a scandal (Sharp). The scandal begins with deals involving banks in the Cayman Islands relating to repurchase agreements. In this case, Lehman planned to dispense toxic assets to the banks that got into the deal, on the condition that, after a given short period, Lehman would repurchase them. This deal made the Lehmans appear to be an honest organization dealing as per the law. However, the whole issue was only on paper, while the actual organization of the firm revolved around dirty dealings and fraud (Sharp). All the above was in an attempt to pull a fast one on investors and credit rating agencies to maintain their prestigious position. In the meantime, the Lehmans brothers were quite busy embezzling funds and finances from their organization on a colossal scale to a pint of no return. In their creative accounting, the Lehmans went beyond themselves in defrauding the public and investors by using the toxic assets as leverage. This is by balancing their books with the said assets as sales and not as loans, as is common practice in the financial world. The implication was that the firm reflected having more liquid cash in their books, as opposed to having more assets in mortgages as would be expected. This marked a calculated move to defraud every one off their keenness and trust in the firm by

Both Tocqueville And Weber Believe That You Cannot Understand Modern Essay

Both Tocqueville And Weber Believe That You Cannot Understand Modern Society Without Understanding Religion - Essay Example On the other hand Tocqueville is also revered for his theories and ideas about present norms of civil society and culture. As compared to other thinkers and philosophers they have been able to retain the acceptance of their ideas among various sects of society. Max Weber wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism in 1905. It was one of the important sociological works of the last century. He tried to explain the history of past 500 years of Europe. The so-called era Enlightenment that revolutionized almost every aspect of the life of Europeans first and then whole world. He was surprised to note that initially this revolution affected Europe only and then spread everywhere with the spread of colonization. This revolution actually gave a rational interpretation the life. Weber considered American society most ideal society to be studied for understanding the great sociological evolution. Fortunately American society was combination all those necessary factors required for such type of evolution. These factors are vast land with enormous resources, diverse population coming from almost all parts of world, secular practices in pragmatic matters. All these and some other factors worked as catalyst for grand revolution in short span of time. Thus a unique culture and civilization evolved. No nation in the world became such a great-civilized power like Americans. All other civilizations that evolved in the past were influence by some sort of religious or racial movements. Weber did not stop here but he went one step forward and declared that there is no possibility in foreseeable future that any other nation may evolve so rapidly and may get so much favorable factors. Weber seems a little pessimist when he says that capitalism has reached it extreme height in America and perhaps it is its last stage. It can not go beyond this. He was very impressed by the extreme capitalist nature of American economy and society and appreciated it. He thought that Americans have used the theories of capitalism in the best way. After all the praise for the rapid development of American society and economy, Weber seems little concerned about the religious influence on American life. He liked the positive role played by religion in enhancing the ethical values. He found the secret of success of those religious groups after extensive travelling. He observed that majority of religious reformists did their work voluntarily. They were successful and active members of society with strong moral character. Weber was a keen observer; he saw great contrast between the socially isolated Church of Europe and socially integrated church of America. He was very impressed by the influence of American religious groups on the social life of common Americans. These religious groups were less interested in religious rituals but they were keen to reform the society morally and ethically. They were very selective in recruiting the volunteers for their lines. They only took those people whom morally strong and believed the well-established ethical values. These religious groups had a great impact on the American society. They never separated religion from practical social life. They actually taught the society to be morally ethical, religiously strong and professionally useful and adept in the field of their particular expertise. He thought those traditional

NEDM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

NEDM - Essay Example The room – temperature experiment was carried out in Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) and the final results from this research were published in 2006.3 4 A thorough discussion of the experiment’s apparatus and flow process are included in this review. Ultra-cold neutrons are utilized in the room-temperature experiment; these are generated by the UCN turbine. To begin the process, UCNs ‘entered the apparatus from the lower right (as indicated by the red arrow in Figure 1) and flowed upwards to the polarizer foil’.8 Harris described the UCNs behaviour as similar to ‘a diffuse gas’.9 He further explained, Those of the correct spin passed through the foil and continued to rise until they reached the storage bottle at the heart of the apparatus. The bottle was located in a 10 mG (1 ÃŽ ¼T) vertical magnetic field; four layers of mu-metal were used to shield out external fields, including that of the Earth. After a filling period of about 20 seconds, the neutron door was closed, and the Ramsey sequence was applied to the trapped neutrons. The door was then opened, and the neutrons fell back down to the polarizer, which then acted as an analyser. Those in the original spin state could pass through and down to a gaseous 3He neutron detector (the curved guide tube from the source having been moved aside in favour of a vertical guide leading to the detector). Neutrons of the â€Å"wrong† spin state, which bounced off the polarizer, were counted in their turn by employing a fast-passage adiabatic spin flipper to reverse the direction of the spins of the neutrons in the guide tube just above the polarizer: this spin flipper consisted simply of a solenoid wrapped around the guide tube, situated in a region of magnetic field gradient, to which a high-frequency (20 kHz) alternating current was applied.10 The time needed to process each batch of neutrons takes about

Implementations of Emission Reduction Strategies as Political Research Paper - 4

Implementations of Emission Reduction Strategies as Political Decisions - Research Paper Example 7-18 December 2009 were the dates when world leaders gathered in Copenhagen to discuss the problems of climate change. The Climate Summit was the fifteenth conference of the global governments and resulted in the announcement of the Copenhagen Accord. This agreement was meant to be reached by the US and a block of BASIC – large developing – countries (China, India, South Africa, and Brazil) in regards to the measures world countries should take in order to reduce human impact on the environment and Earth atmosphere in particular. Though the Accord was outlining the major objectives of the counties cooperation with the purpose of fighting climate change, the paper did not even set any emission reduction targets. There was no information indicating a measurable way of determining each country’s impact on the prevention of temperature rise and no peaking emissions target year. Furthermore, the agreement did not even have any legally bounding force and the only resul ts the Climate Summit had was that the representatives of world countries approved taking note of the Copenhagen Accord. Many countries were opposing the methods and objectives the Accord presented (Buxton 2010) so, as a result, the US did not force the participating countries to officially accept the Accord for fulfillment. Though the document acknowledges the fact that temperature rise should be kept below 2 degrees Celsius with the help of emissions reduction, not specific goals were set for the countries to comply with the objective. Another point was that developing countries that are influenced by climate change most of all were to receive financial aid from developed countries in the period of 2010-2012 for adapting to the climate change (United Nations 2009, 3). The Accord also encourages the practice of paying developing countries for reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (Vidal, Stratton, and Goldenberg 2009). It should also be noted that previously develop ed proposals that called the countries for limiting temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Celsius and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 80% by 2050 were abandoned. In addition, the interesting fact is that the United States, who refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, was the major contributor to and strongest supporter of the Copenhagen Accord. The country’s motive for objecting to signing documents like the Kyoto Protocol, the purpose of which is the worldwide reduction of greenhouse gas emission, is, most likely economic. The USA is one of the largest environment polluters in the world because of the high level of economic development and great volumes of industrial production (Droge and Kemfert 2005, 246). The signing of such an agreement force the US companies to either invest in the development of environmentally friendly technologies or reduce the levels of production. Either option leads to a decrease in companies’ profit and, consequently, a decrease in the government’s tax income. Fighting the Climate Change: Trade Policies, In any case, the outcomes of the Climate Summit can, according to Droge and Kemfert (2005, 235) be explained by the fact that climate change policies are rather political decisions that have a very strong relation to international trade policy and business operations. A study conducted by Droge and Kemfert (2005, 235) is focused on the trade policies related to climate.

Gerardo Madrigal Essay Example for Free

Gerardo Madrigal Essay East Los Angeles College (Los Angeles) Experience: Secondary Mathematics Teacher (Nov 2008-Present) Teacher for the Jaime Escalante Mathematics Program. Technical competence in the use of the technology in the classroom. Developed a remedial curriculum using innovative and alternative teaching techniques. Knowledgeable in the use of differentiated curriculum for instructing multiple modalities. Helped English as a Second Language students, at risk students, and gifted high school students. Developed curriculum for Middle School Mathematics Enrichment program. Santa Barbara High School (Santa Barbara, CA) (Sept 2006-Apr 2007) Huntington Park High School (Los Angeles, CA) (Feb 2005-Jun 2005) Student Teacher Helped students with English as a Second Language in successfully comprehending Algebra 1 and 2, as well as Geometry lessons Effectively motivated underrepresented students and students with troubled backgrounds to maximize their academic potential and perform to their abilities and beyond. Helped the teacher in charge in correcting and grading homework, quizzes, and examinations. Contributed in composing for curricula in Geometry and Algebra 1 and 2 according to California standards. Delivered effective formal instruction under supervision. Initiated computer technology in presenting content and introducing activities.

Gender Equality Essay Example for Free

Gender Equality Essay Paying more attention to the differences between boys and girls, or men and women, starts getting people to have many ideas about them. The question remains whether we should ignore them or not. I don’t blame the family in the rural Canada for making the girl feel like she’s nothing more than just a girl, because simply these people there could be ignorant. There is a difference of course between men and women, but not that one is inferior to the other, rather as equal but distinct beings. Right before writing my opinion about boys and girls, I asked my dad whether he though there was a difference, and that maybe a girl is a girl because of influence and experience. He told me how he used to take my sister and me to Toys‘r’Us when we were small. He would bring us to what he thought were the cool toys such as mechanical gadgets and how we wouldn’t even look at them and directly walk off like zombies to the Barbie section. This explains how maybe it is in our genes, which bring off a kind of barrier, a difference between a boy, and a girl. Now maybe feminists take it a little to the extreme about female rights, but isn’t that because people (mostly men) have taken the difference between boys and girls to an extent where they forget about equality and what woman are really capable of doing? I still believe that there are many ways of stereotyping men and women these days, even as distinct as they were in the rural Canada in the selection. It is possible, but I believe the more educated we are, the less we will care about whether we are a man or a woman. In some countries, it is the communities’ traditions which still give to men more rights and privileges than to women. This is mostly because people in those areas are not yet socially evolved to the Western level. For example, in Saudi Arabia woman wont dare revolt or express their ideas of what’s really unfair or unethical to them or not. We need to stop buying into the myth about gender equality. It isnt a reality yet. Today, women make up half of the U.S. workforce, but the average working woman earns only 77 percent of what the average working man makes. But unless women and men both say this is unacceptable, things will not change. Men have to demand that their wives, daughters, mothers and sisters earn more—commensurate with their qualifications and not their gender. Equality will be achieved when men and women are granted equal pay and equal respect. Humanity requires both men and women, and we are equally important and need one another. So why are we viewed as less than equal? These old attitudes are drilled into us from the very beginning. We have to teach our boys the rules of equality and respect, so that as they grow up, gender equality becomes a natural way of life. And we have to teach our girls that they can reach as high as humanly possible. We have a lot of work to do, but we can get there if we work together. Women are more than 50 percent of the population and more than 50 percent of the voters. We must demand that we all receive 100 percent of the opportunities.

Possession Of Knowledge: Ethical Responsibility

Possession Of Knowledge: Ethical Responsibility What is ethical responsibility? Ethical responsibility means fulfilling obligations in all ethical areas, or as many areas as possible. When an ethical dilemma occurs, involved individuals must choose between wide varieties of ethical principles and weigh which ones should be emphasized. Possession of knowledge does carry an ethical responsibility because there are certain kinds of knowledge that inflict a compulsion or a challenge on the person who carries that knowledge. For example if someone discovers a murder scene or even a robbery the person will choose whether he should reveal the information as he knows that if he reveals the information hell potentially harm the person. Or keep it inside by not revealing the incident to anyone. We can say that basically when you are helping a person without harming any other person, which is when you possess knowledge that carries an ethical responsibility and if you disclose that knowledge it should help someone. If you see that in some si tuations it doesnt carry an ethical situation when it doesnt affect any person or the piece of information is worthless but in todays world no piece of information can have an ethical responsibility as it can be used in different ways. You can see that there is a conflict of interest in any of these situations. The ethical responsibility consists in the decision the person must make, being each persons moral values and sense of what is right and what is wrong, what finally changes this decision. We can see that the decision of the person depends on how many person are getting affected its also the affection or the bond which you share with the person affects the decision of the person. We know that possession of knowledge carries ethical responsibility but why? And When? If you see, when you are helping people in an ethical way or an unethical way possession of knowledge carries responsibility and we know that at some places it doesnt carry ethical responsibility that is when it cau ses harm to anyone for example destruction as I have mentioned an example of Albert Einstein . You must have heard the famous quote said by Peter Parker that With great powers comes great responsibility. Im using this claim as you can see that with possession of great knowledge comes great responsibility. For example if the doctor knows about the genetic disposition of a child should he tell the parent or the guardian about it. In some cases you are obligated to act upon it in case of a crime you are forced to say your views and tell the person or people what you saw, sometimes it is ethical to disclose it but still you cant thinking about the consequences, emotions etc. For example you have a friend whom you know since many years and youll are very close to each other and he commits some crime youll have to say false as he is friend and youll support him which is unethical. Same thing like telling the parent whether they have a male child or female child is ethically wrong so you can see that possession of knowledge does carry ethical responsibility. During the World War 2 Al bert Einstein gave Franklin D. Roosevelt the president of United States of America the idea of creating an atomic bomb. They also came to know that Germany was planning to make atomic bombs. When Roosevelt got to know about this he started the Manhattan Project- In this project the government of United States of America were planning to make atomic bombs before Germany could. At the time he thought what he was doing was right but after seeing the negative effects he had, he ended up regretting it. Knowing what he knew carried an ethical responsibility and his morals were questioned. Knowledge can be stopped to generate in fear of unethical use, when there is a piece of knowledge which can potentially harm people care should be taken when releasing this information. If there is an obvious application which will potentially harm people, they will be apprehensive towards it. For example if you have an information about some murder you would rather think twice before disclosing the piec e of news or knowledge you possess as it will generate fear in you and you may start thinking about your own safety. Sometime Holding Back of knowledge by groups such as government can be ethical. Some groups like a government hold back a particular piece of knowledge for mainly 2 causes. If the piece of knowledge when disclosed could cause chaos or panic in the country or surroundings. Government generally do this to maintain the chaos in the country, the forcefully hold back the piece of knowledge. The source of knowledge holds a strong ethical stance The other day in my school when all the students and teachers were discussing about the rape case which recently happened in delhi, place in india a top came and the our juniors showed us the video of a man who was presidents son he made a statement saying that boys and girls who go to discos shouldnt take part in any movement. The person who invented the nuclear bomb was later regretting of his invention as it caused so much destruction in the world. He was so pressurized that he made a comment saying that he was rather ashamed of the invention and wasnt a successful invention for him. His invention was later used as a tool of mass destruction by the countries in the world war, as you can see that how Hiroshima and Nagasaki were in ashes. The 2 bombs used were little boy and fat man. The bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima was code-named Little Boy. The amount of energy Little Boy generated when it exploded was the equivalent of a 15 kiloton TNT explosion. Half of that energy was consumed when the explosion generated an ultra-high air pressure which resulted in a very strong bomb blast. Sometimes holding back of knowledge or news can be unethical if you take an example of an individual holding back a piece of news can be unethical, for example hiding the truth of 9/11 was unethical as the people didnt know and they were misled by the media so here you can see that holding back of knowledge was unethical and let to various problems. Some people or group of people have the power to decide whether the piece of knowledge is ethical or unethical? When you receive a particular piece of knowledge who judges whether the knowledge is ethical or unethical. There are many people, group of people that judge whether the knowledge is ethical or unethical or example your parents used to tell you some piece of knowledge when you were young and used to decide whether it is ethical or unethical. Even religious leaders make decisions and say whether a particular piece of knowledge is ethical or unethical. Some organizations like a government also have the power to decide whether a piece of knowledge is ethical or unethical. People or Groups of people dont have the power to judge whether the piece of knowledge is ethical or unethical. If you think logically a person who judges whether a piece of knowledge is ethical or unethical is a bit biased while making their decision for example when a piece of knowledge is judged by the government they are a bit biased in their side. According to me possession of knowledge does carry an ethical responsibility as I have mentioned some claims and example proving my point but there were some limitations which I have written as my counter claims. But at certain situations we can see that the possession of knowledge carries no ethical responsibility

Female Versus Male Homosexuality In Romantic Literature English Literature Essay

Female Versus Male Homosexuality In Romantic Literature English Literature Essay In Romantic poetry, there is a distinct disparity in the representation of male and female homoeroticism. Male homosexual poetry generally constitutes an intricate synthesis of personal feeling and Hellenistic-like homosocial tradition. Female homoerotic portrayals, however, are typically torn between either a sexually sublimed romantic friend ideal or a voyeuristic heterosexual male fantasy pervaded with panic induced by female sexuality. In other words, explicitly lesbian poetry undergoes heterosexualization that dilutes, and in some cases entirely overturns, any liberating potential the poem would otherwise possess. Moreover, while gay male narratives are often privileged within mythologized Hellenistic context and therein become purified and legitimized, lesbian poetry is denied access to a parallel Sapphic tradition. Thus, lesbians become de-Hellenised in Romantic poetry, alienating the reader from a positive tradition of female homoerotica. In To Lady Eleanor Butler and the Honourable Miss Ponsonby Wordsworth writes of the scandalous and infamous romantic friendship of the Ladies of Llangollen, two women who ran away from conventional marriage pressures and started a life together. The poem is saturated with a sense of close friendship and kinship without being blatantly sexual, and this deters reading the poem as a male fantasy. It seemingly advocates the security of the women, but neglects to portray the reality of the relationship as sexual. This reflects the general view of such relationships in the period: female pairs might, if they maintained a faà §ade of genteel respectability, be acclaimed, after the fashion of the day, as idealised romantic friends(483). Accordingly, the relationship between the Lady Eleanor and Miss Ponsonby is described primarily through euphemism and code. For example, Wordsworth describes the womens house as a Vale of Friendship(10) for the sisters in love(13). This conscious use of deli cately-worded expression and naming of the vale acts as a sort of cipher in the poem; it uses a platonic term like friendship in naming the location, suggesting that friendship is what exists there, but then uses a kinship term to describe what the reader familiar with the story knows is not real; the women are not, in fact sisters. Therefore, for them to be in love, the reader infers a similar hint that there is nothing sisterly about the love. Wordsworths construction of space in the poem also significantly influences its portrayal of the lesbian relationship. By addressing the ladies together in the title and referencing the vale, he creates a well-defined spatial framework in which this poem operates. He connects the space with nature and therefore keeps it in line with Romantic tradition: In Natures face the expression of repose(4). More than this, however, he illustrates this space as being a rare refuge for expression of lesbian desire, such that the ladies love can be allowed to climb . . . above the reach of time'(13). Therefore, the poem essentially addresses its own homophobic theme and by designing safe space for the lesbian lifestyle, it also draws attention to the dangerousness of it. In Christabel and Geraldine (lines 236-277 from Christabel), Samuel Taylor Coleridge designs a representation of female homoerotics that is, in many ways, different from Wordsworths. Outwardly, the lines are an empathetic exploration of tortured and repressed lesbian desire through the arrangement of Christabel and Geraldine as lovers. However, it is important to note that this reading can never go beyond compassion due to the omnipresent male presence. This presence, if the reader is to understand it as being Coleridge himself- that is, a heterosexual and very probably homophobic male(#)- therefore influences the readers analysis of lesbian desire in the poem. Accounting for the male persona, two potentially contradictory moods coexist in the poem-heteronormative panic and male voyeuristic fanstasy. The physical descriptions of Christabel and Geraldine act to deconstruct, and thus objectify, the women by mentioning their body parts: Her gentle limbs(stanza 20), her lids(stanza 21), her elbow(stanza 21) and ultimately, her breast(stanza 21). Obviously absent from these bodily descriptions is any mention of female genitalia, a conscious avoidance on Coleridges part; he wishes to circumvent the mention of phallic-barren sexual satisfaction of the lesbian couple. Since the poem is ultimately governed by a male persona, lesbian sex cannot exist as a valid coital act; a focus on parts of the female anatomy that are traditionally and acceptably sexualized like limbs and breasts without mentioning the genitalia maintains the idea that true sexual intercourse is between a man and a woman. Accompanying this denial of implied true sexual satisfaction are descriptions of mental and physical anguish. Christabels brain is described as one of weal and woe (stanza 21) while Geraldine describes the mark of [her] shame, this seal of [her] sorrow(stanza 23). Depicting lesbians as tormented may serve several purposes. In one sense, Geraldines declaration of shame indicates indicative self-hatred, reflecting the contemporary belief that those who engaged in homosexual activity are constantly aware of their insolent perverseness and therefore more likely to continue to self-harm. This punishes lesbian sexual interaction and therefore shields consequent male arousal in the form of acceptable persecution. Furthermore, Geraldine communicates a sense of frustration when she says to Christabel: But vainly thou warrest, For this is alone in Thy power to declare, That in the dim forest Thou heardst a low moaning, And foundst a bright lady, surpassingly fair: And didst bring her home with thee, in love and in charity, To shield her and shelter her from the damp air. (stanza 23) Geraldine expresses contempt that Christabel sought her out merely under the pretenses of platonic assistance, and that lesbian sexual interaction had not been the primary motivation, implying that sexual acts between women are inherently secondary to heterosexual sex. Despite the apparent conflict of the representation of female homoerotic activity in Wordsworths and Coleridges poems, there are key similarities that provide understanding into Romantic homoeroticism. For example, though lesbian desire in the poems is treated differently, both poets use the natural world as a conceptual framework for their particular representations of female homoerotics. While Wordsworth uses nature as a space in which lesbian desire is safely expressed, Coleridge uses the dim forest to essentially neutralize female sexuality and set Christabels pursuit of Geraldine explicitly as non-erotic motive. The poems also share the presence of a male presence which, in both cases, biases them, a characteristic that is ironic given the female-centered content. Although the male presence may not explicitly attempt to negatively represent female sexual relationships, female homosexuality becomes disemboldened and portrayed as less legitimate as a result. Contrary to female homoeroticism, there is a distinct freedom in the portrayal of male homoerotics in two poems The Cornelian and the To Eddleston (from Childe Harolds Pilgrimage, stanzas 95-96). These poems are about Byrons relationship with a choirboy named Eddleston, written years apart, and though the former shares similarities with the sexual vagueness of Wordsworths poem, it, unlike the other, is allowed to be reflected in Greek Love and the Hellenistic tradition. The Cornelian references specifically Greek pederastic tradition. One example of this is the use of the term pledge, a traditional Athenian approach to pederastic relationships. This allows the subject matter an known association with homosexuality, though to further ensure social acceptability, Byron does not focus explicitly on physical or sexual attraction between the two men. In fact, this early homoerotic poem in Byrons repertoire models a conservative euphemistic approach in the portrayal of its content much lik e Wordsworths poem. The only real capability of a sexual encounter between the Byron and Eddleston occurs in a safe pastoral setting where lovers can isolate themselves from the disapproving society: But he, who seeks the flowers of truth/Must quit the garden for the field. PEDERASTIC POWER STRUCTURE. which is characterized by a disparity in desire, To Eddleston, however, composed years after The Cornelian, is more explicit in its homosexual relationship between Eddleston and Byron. In it, Byron avoids euphemism and sublimation into friendship, such as that which occurs in Wordsworths To lady Eleanor Butlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. A comparison of the titles themselves begins to describe the difference in the poems. In The Cornelian, the content centers on a cornelian stone given to Byron by Eddleston around which Byron can employ Hellenistic structure. In To Eddleston, however, Byron focuses explicitly on his personal feelings regarding the death of Eddleston. While the first poem most easily implies friendship, the second poem describes Byrons lover as being now, more than friend. In contrast to a pederastic power structure, the power relationship in To Eddleston is implied to be more balanced between the two men. The most significant difference between the two poems, however, is the degradation of the boundary between homoerotic and the homosocial with differences in imagery. While this poem reflects notions of ideal love between men it also problematises this ideal through its use of sadomasochistic imagery. The 96th stanza is characterised by the use of violent metaphor. Byron describes himself as being pierced by arrows, an image that invokes both notions of romantic love through the tradition of Eros and also sadomasochistic penetration by the phallus in the tradition of Saint Sebastian, thus sexualizing the wounded male body. Thus, in what may be viewed as a tame evolution of the Hellenistic tradition represented in The Cornelian, Byron uses To Eddleston to express both the emotional and sexual relationship between he and Eddleston. The starkest difference between Wordsworth and Coleridges lesbian poetry and Byrons male homosexual poetry is that the representation of homoerotics is directly informed by the Byrons personal experience. His poems about male homosexuality are framed by the male presence of an author who is, himself, a character in the poetry, distinguishing these poems from the heterosexual voyeurism explored in the analysis of the lesbian poems. Byron has the freedom to approach homoerotic material with more sensitivity and nuance without objectifying the sexual and emotional attraction between the two lovers. Furthermore, the manner in which female and male depictions of homoeroticism explore Greek homosexual tradition is greatly inhibited by male writers of lesbian poetry verses male writers of male homosexual poetry. Byron utilizes a particular version of Greek mythology to portray and legitimize male homosexuality; in contrast, the women of Romantic poetry are denied access to Sapphic mythology and thus their Greek homosexual tradition. Though Romantic poetry does address the issue of same-sex love, it approaches male and female homosexuality in contrasting ways. Through the construction of lesbian desire in Coleridge and Wordsworth, the reader is positioned to read the narrative through a decidedly heterosexual discursive framework. Thus, female homoerotics must become either sublimated to a romantic and desexualized ideal or degenerate into male voyeurism characterized by ambivalent heterosexual fantasy and phallocentric panic. These disparities in construction are summarized in the way in which the concept of Greek Love is incorporated into the homosexual narratives of Romantic poetry. Hellenistic homoeroticism it remains important to Byrons justification of homosexual tradition and forms an integral element of his construction of homoerotics. Contrastingly, female homoerotics are decontextualized and through the denial of a specifically lesbian tradition, become demonized.

The grief over a lost pet

The grief over a lost pet This grief may be so difficult that the person may feel more upset over a pet than a human loved one; there are many feelings, and stages that are involved in losing a pet. Five stages that are included in losing a pet are denial, bargaining, anger, depression, and resolution. Pam Brown once said, If there is a heaven, its certain our animals are to be there. Their lives become so interwoven with our own, it would take more than an archangel to detangle them (Brown, n.d.). I awoke to a fresh spring breeze gusting through my window, the sounds of newly born birds chirping, and the smell of blooming flowers. Yet, for some reason something inside me begged and pleaded for me not get out of bed. Something shouted inside me, shouted inside this little twelve-year-old girl that this world was full of anger, hate, and unconscious drones moving around like people, people that were not living but just existing. Against my bodies, wishes and my horrible thoughts I heaved myself up and began to start my morning. I remember it was about 9:00 AM and I had a chiropractor appointment at about noon. I wandered around the house as if I had never been there before, feeling lost, in an unfamiliar body but with no reason for this feeling just pushed myself on. Assuming the feeling would go away eventually, I stumbled into the kitchen in my pajamas. Only to be greeted by the only thing in the world that filled the void inside me, my dog Shiloh. A flash of memory came to me and I lived in that memory standing in my kitchen remember the memory of the struggles it took me to convince my mom that getting a dog was the best possible therapy and telling her that it would heal everything. I began to chuckle to myself, I was not sure if I was laughing because she believed me and let me get him or because I had strung a line of BS to her in hopes of a yes answer and here it turned out that my BS was right. I got Shiloh from our local pet store. Every Saturday this pet store would have one cat and one dog up for adoption. Once I had convinced my mom this was the answer to everything, we got ready and went to look for my psychologist in a dogs body. The drive to the pet store was exhausting I could hardly contain myself. I remember watching the lines on the side of the road stream by the car; I thought that maybe if I concentrated on something, that it might put me in some sort of hypnosis and before I knew it that, we would be there. That did not work, actually it made me quite ill and when I looked up, we had driven maybe about a mile so much for that brilliant idea. I began to imagine what my dog would look like black, white, or spotted. Maybe with long hair and those enticing puppy eyes every dog owner knows. I thought up thousands of names, only stressing myself out more, what collar I would pick, would I get a boy or a girl dog. The most overplayed question in my head was if my lin e of BS was going to come true, would it fill that feeling of hatred, loneliness, and worthlessness. Then I found myself asking would he or she like me? That to me was one of the most apparent reason I needed help, I was worried if a dog was going to like me. We pulled into the parking lot of the pet store, the sounds of the tires rolling across the pavement and the screeching halt awoke me from my hypnosis. There was that last question ringing in my ear, would he or she like me? I realized we were there and felt this tension in my chest, hands, and me as a whole. This is what I had been waiting for and all of a sudden I felt scared what if I picked the wrong dog what if that feeling that everyone talks about, the feeling of knowing its the right choice is not there. I gathered my thoughts and pushed my stomach from my throat back to where it belonged and left what I hoped would be the last of those feelings in the car. As my hand grasped the handle and opened the door the sound of the one dog reverberated in my ear. At that moment nothing else mattered, I was for once in my life numb to those awful feelings. The nervousness, fear, and anxiety must have latched on to someone else that was in close range. There was a line in front of the two cages all of a sudden a thought came into my head what if someone in front of me adopts the dog first. I quickly tried to grab the thought and throw it away I did this so vividly that I thought perhaps I had acted it out in the middle of the store, luckily, I was not that crazy. That is when I heard the little boy in front of me say EW, mommy, I dont want this dog. A sense of relief flew threw me. As the people in front of me moved aside I saw him, sitting in the cage alone completely aware of his feeling of being unwanted not feeling good enough to go home with a little boy. His dark brown eyes glazed over almost like tears, his color almost like the grainy sand , and little spots almost like God had peppered him just on his feet before he sent him on his way. My attention focused on why in the world this little boy did not want him. That is when I noticed his back right leg was limp. The woman informed us that he did not utilize this leg he was born with it but had more want of love and loyalty then I had ever felt. I realized he was just like me but just did not have the capability to say it. I imagined him screaming out as I had done multiple times to my father I am here! Love me, want me, and give me the chance to show you how wonderful I am. I needed him, I wanted him, and there was without a doubt in my mind that I wanted to be that person to give him what I so longed for. In that instance, I looked at my mom and said, He is the only thing I want in life right now, and he is mine. We brought Shiloh home, the whole ride home I glared into his walnut eyes and noticed that that glaze was gone. In my eyes, I had given him what I longed for and for that moment, I felt peace of mind, a feeling that everything was going to be okay. That day he became my everything, my world. I signed on to a silent pact that day, a pact of friendship, loyalty and love that would be unmatched by anyone. A dog that loves unconditionally, without judging and does not need anything explained or asked he just knows. I loved him and he loved me, my question was answered he did love me. There was nothing in the world that would take him away from me, we were invincible together, or so I thought. A year had passed by and it was the best year of my life, he was perfect. He amazed me his leg never bothered him it was as if his hardest struggle in life had floated away. He ran on three legs and pounced around in the yard as if he were a gazelle roaming the plains of Africa. I recall thinking to myself that a person who has never owned a dog has missed a wonderful part of life. I came back to my senses standing in my kitchen the morning of my chiropractic appointment wondering why this day is so different from any other day, Why I thought about all of this so in depth. I stared at those same walnut eyes thanking God for letting me own such a courageous, loyal dog. I went into the bathroom only to notice I still was not dressed, my hair was disheveled, pointing in all directions, much like roadways on a map. I decided that since it was only 9:00 in the morning that I had time to take Shiloh outside and play for awhile, knowing that he would not judge me on how I looked I stayed in my pajamas. Opening the door I felt the crisp breeze glide over my face, my bare feet on the sun bathed porch, noticing the great warmth under my toes. I stretched as far as I could reach, staring at the sun as if I were grasping it in my hands, Shiloh did the same. As I opened my eyes, I realized the cows across the street were intently focusing on us as if they wanted to engage i n a staring match. We sat in the front for awhile, just listening to the rustling leaves, the crackling of pine trees branches as if they were all stretching in unison enjoying the same things we were. I sat there, admiring how simple life could be when you had what you needed right by your side. The smell of freshly baled hay filled the air and the sound of the baby calves across the street calling to each other to play. A day like any other day, the smells and sounds of a normal day, but something was still lingering, something that was unknown, which I think, is why I was so sensitive to this incognito feeling. I walked through the dampened dew grass, reached down, grabbed the felt covered toy, and began to toss it around for Shiloh. My mom had woken up and come outside to look for me. She stood on the porch and told me that I should probably start to get ready for my appointment seeing as to how I was still in my pajamas and frankly a mess. My mom turned and went inside to get ready. Little did I know that the feeling I had been having all morning would soon show itself in true form. It was almost as if the next seven minutes were stuck in a time warp. As I turned around for Shiloh I noticed he had went across the road to the barn. Worried and frantic I did the first thing I thought of and last thing that he would consciously hear, I called his name, SHILOH come here! He then did what he did best, listened to me. Shiloh came running across the pavement of the road; I remember hearing his toenails clipping on the pavement. A sudden sense of relief came over me, followed by complete and utter trauma. I could smell the diesel, hear the sound of the roaring engine, I ran for my life and let out a horror-filled shrie k that took a part of me with it. I saw I was too late, I saw my everything, my world take the impact that I raced so hard to take for him. I fell to my knees, feeling the cold mud mush around my knees. I felt nothing, not a heartbeat. I heard nothing, no birds, no wind, the trees that were just stretching in the wind had stopped as if they knew the severity of the situation. A part of me died that day that I have never gotten back. My mom rushed outside, I had not moved, not blinked, not conscious. I came back to reality, and I came back with such anger, anger I had never experienced. I cursed every word that seeped through my body and directed it at the driver. As quick as the cursing began, it stopped I went into the house in silence and stared at my reflection telling myself it was a dream, to wake up damn it! I closed my eyes and counted to ten, nothing changed. This was reality. I sat in the house, in silence. My mom ran in the house told me she was going to the vet, I said nothing. My sister stayed with me while my mom did what I was not able to do, and I blame myself every day. I sat there for hours while my mom was gone and repeated please let him be okay God, please let him be okay. I received a phone call from my mom that he needed to be euthanized, and asked what I wanted to happen with his body. I said, He needs to come home, bring him back to me. A little while passed by and then I heard the crunching of the gravel, the squeaks of the brakes, and the car door shut. A sense of relief came over me he was home, but not home with me, home in heaven. I told myself I would not look at him. I found myself busting through the door like a horse on the racetrack. My baby, my Shiloh was in a sky blue bag tied shut, and alone. The day we got him came to my mind and I realized I could not save him from his loneliness again. The unbearable anger came over me, I briskly opened the bag as if maybe they made a mistake and he was alive or maybe if I opened it quickly enou gh he would breathe again, just for me. I ever so slightly touched his face, and quickly pulled back he was cold. I grabbed him from the bag and immediately cradled him, rocking him back and forth. I do not know how long I sat there holding him, but I do know that at twelve years old I learned what it felt like to lose a child. The sound of the shovel hitting the dirt was deafening. I wondered how I was going to be able to put him in this hole, my hand began to tighten around the bag like a vice grip. It dawned on me that someone was going to have to break both my hands before I would toss him away. The sick feeling came to me that if I could just keep him maybe it would not be so hard. The thought of letting go became harder to do than anything. I was angry at Mother Nature, the birds were still chirping, people laughing, cars zooming by. I expected the earth to stop turning and everyone to grieve with me. Shiloh was not just a dog he was my world, I wanted to die with him, lay next to him for eternity. The shovel stopped, it was time I had to let him go. As my fingers started to release from the bag the crackling of the bag unstuck itself from my hands as if Shiloh himself were clinging to me, begging me not to let him go. I sat in the cold dirt next to the hole, the grass creeping up my knees; I lowered my arms, hesitantly, not to let him go to quick in fear that I might hurt him. He was dead, he felt nothing, not the whistling wind, the warmth in my hands, or my pounding drum beat that my heart was letting out. So loud that the angels that were watching could hear it, perhaps it made some angelic sound that drew them to me. As I let go, I felt like I was letting go of everything I knew about myself, all the esteem, every fiber of my being was being buried in the hole with him. I stood there the guilt overwhelming me I should have went to the vets office with him, that cold sterile place, without his mom, how could I abandon him in his most precious time of need. If I could have been there maybe they would have saved him, maybe my need for him to live would have been enough if I had been there. That day will forever be a part of me. If you have a dog, you will most likely outlive it; to get a dog is to open yourself to profound joy and, prospectively, to equally profound sadness (Garber, 2011). After the death of Shiloh I became extremely depressed and cried daily, I could not get over it. I waited for a year and hoped it would get better and now almost ten years later I have for the most part had resolution. It was not until I took the course Vet 123 that I learned why it was so difficult. There are different stages in what we call the grieving process. These stages are not linear, meaning that a grieving person can move in and out of stages in any order. These stages include: Denial, Bargaining, Anger, Depression, and resolution (Mccurnin, 2010). The denial stage is a defense mechanism that helps to ease the humans from any unbearable news or reality. This is shown in the way that the client will act; they will often want the veterinary staff to repeat diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment plans (Mccurnin, 2010). The stage of bargaining is when the grieving person acts out helpless attempts to control and change the reality of the situation. They will often try and find miracle cures or even attempt to treat it at home with home remedies. The client may also get second opinions and even replace a pet too soon. In hopes that this new dog will ease the pain and suffering they may get a dog that is the exact same breed, color, and even name the dog the same name (Mccurnin, 2010). The sad thing is that most will try this and then when the new dog does not fill that position, the owners will often become mad. The next stage is Anger. Anger is very difficult to work through and work with. This is when they will feel overwhelmingly guilty. Guilt is the hardest for people to relinquish. This stage is usually directed at the veterinary staff, they feel that perhaps it was the clinics fault that their pet did not survive. Once they are able to let go of the guilt and anger the process continues (Mccurnin, 2010). The Depression stage consists of feelings of extreme sadness, worthlessness, and the grieving person may not function normally. You become irritable, sleep depravated, and very restless. This stage must be worked through and should not be avoided (Mccurnin, 2010). The final stage of the grieving process is resolution or acceptance. Once the grieving person reaches this stage things balanced themselves out, they feel okay, and are able to function no rmally. The pet has not been forgotten and new attachments can be made without hesitation or guilt. (Mcurnin, 2010). Usually the grieving process is easier for children than it is for adults. There are some factors that change how a person grieves such as: multiple losses, a loss that was associated with a special person or event, traumatic death of a pet, loss on an important day, inability to be able to afford treatment, and guilt about the death (Mccurnin,2010). Many people deal with grief very differently, for a lot of people their pets are their children. 50% of people consider their relationship with their pets as extremely strong (Mcurnin, 2010). So in knowing this people may react and act in very odd or even absurd ways sometimes due to how they grieve. Some other instances that make the grief process more difficult is a disappearance of a pet, witness a violent and unnecessary death of a pet, sudden illness or trauma, and not being present when the pet dies or not being able to say goodbye. The loss of a pet is difficult for everyone involved, including the veterinary staff. Euthanasia of a pet is the number one cause for burnout in the clinic (Mccurnin, 2010). Some reasons that the death may be more difficult for the veterinary staff is that the pet could not fight the disease and died after much time and medical effort. The staff also becomes attached to these pets. Often in euthanasia the client may be present during the euthanasia which makes the situation more stressful. Due to problems arising during the procedure and the clients witness this (Mccurnin, 2010). It is never uncommon for a veterinary technician or any member of the staff to cry with the clients, this can often help in some situations. However over time in the practice you will acquire the skill to read situations and now how to respond (Mccurnin, 2010). Dogs dont know about beginnings, and they dont speculate on matters that occurred before their time. Dogs also dont know or at least dont accept the concept of death. With no concept of beginnings or endings dogs probably dont know that for people having a dog as a life companion provides a streak of light between two eternities of darkness .For those who love dogs, it would be the worst form of a lie to call any place where dogs were banned Paradise. Certainly no loving God would separate people from their canine friends for eternity (Coren, n.d.). In conclusion the death of a pet is one of the hardest things you could face. The feelings that you get when losing a pet can come in many forms, and may take a few weeks to months to years. It all depends on how you grieve. The day I lost Shiloh I remember wondering if I was ever to get over it or if I would ever be able to own another animal knowing the unavoidable reality in the end. I pondered if it was really worth it in the end worth the pain, unhappiness, and the worthlessness. The same things I had wished away with getting Shiloh in the first place. It was all worth it in the end for it is better to have loved and lost then to have never loved in the first place. I have learned so much from this tragedy, because I feel that that was a turning point in my life and that is one of the reasons I am where I am today. I want to help and save animals to the best of my ability to be able to send that dog back home to his or her little girl. Until one has loved an animal, a part of ones soul remains un awakened (France, n.d.).